In the middle of the 6th millennium BC the territory of Poland was populated by tribes coming in from beyond the Carpathian Mountains. These were no longer just hunters and gatherers. Instead, these peoples brought with them a new way of life based on land cultivation and animal husbandry, even if hunting and gathering remained an important source of subsistence for a long time yet to come. Flint and stone processing techniques reached advanced stages of development. Polished battle axes were produced of different kinds of stone and pierced in order to be mounted on handles. Massive flint tools were made, including adzes which were of great importance in agriculture and carpentry. Moreover, blades more than 20 cm long were prepared as material for the production of all kinds of knives, points, sickles and other minor tools. Obsidian, which is volcanic glass, was also processed.
A growing demand for flint prompted the development of mining to extract flint from its rock matrix, either limestone or chalk. The resulting mines can be from a few to several meters deep and they form extensive mining fields, like the ones in Krzemionki and Świeciechów, for example. Flint extraction and processing was in the hands of specialized miners and flintknappers, thus initiating processes of professional task specialization.
A developed trade and the need to move goods and products over long distances stimulated inventions in water and wheel transport. Wheels have been found among Neolithic artifacts and iconographic representations of carts on wheels are also known from this period. Excavations in Poland have brought to light artifacts undoubtedly originating from the Carpathians and Balkans, and even distant Asia Minor. In turn, banded flint from Krzemionki was carried for up to 660 km away from the mines.
Based on materials from the museum Krzemionki
You are invited to visit the tourist rout presenting the interiors of historic underground mines and the reconstruction of mining camps, flint workshops as well as a village from the Stone Age.
A growing demand for flint prompted the development of mining to extract flint from its rock matrix, either limestone or chalk. The resulting mines can be from a few to several meters deep and they form extensive mining fields, like the ones in Krzemionki and Świeciechów, for example. Flint extraction and processing was in the hands of specialized miners and flintknappers, thus initiating processes of professional task specialization.
A developed trade and the need to move goods and products over long distances stimulated inventions in water and wheel transport. Wheels have been found among Neolithic artifacts and iconographic representations of carts on wheels are also known from this period. Excavations in Poland have brought to light artifacts undoubtedly originating from the Carpathians and Balkans, and even distant Asia Minor. In turn, banded flint from Krzemionki was carried for up to 660 km away from the mines.
Based on materials from the museum Krzemionki
You are invited to visit the tourist rout presenting the interiors of historic underground mines and the reconstruction of mining camps, flint workshops as well as a village from the Stone Age.
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